{"id":3332,"date":"2020-03-26T15:03:51","date_gmt":"2020-03-26T12:03:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/senellaw.com\/?p=3332"},"modified":"2020-04-07T17:05:01","modified_gmt":"2020-04-07T14:05:01","slug":"iscinin-isverene-otuz-gunluk-ucreti-ile-karsilanamayacak-sekilde-zarar-vermesinin-is-akdine-etkisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/senellaw.com\/iscinin-isverene-otuz-gunluk-ucreti-ile-karsilanamayacak-sekilde-zarar-vermesinin-is-akdine-etkisi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130\u015f\u00e7inin \u0130\u015fverene Otuz G\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00dccreti ile Kar\u015f\u0131lanamayacak \u015eekilde Zarar Vermesinin \u0130\u015f Akdine Etkisi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u0130\u015e\u00c7\u0130-\u0130\u015eVEREN \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130S\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015e\u00c7\u0130N\u0130N\n\u0130\u015eVERENE OTUZ G\u00dcNL\u00dcK \u00dcCRET\u0130 \u0130LE KAR\u015eILANAMAYACAK \u015eEK\u0130LDE ZARAR VERMES\u0130N\u0130N \u0130\u015e\nAKD\u0130NE ETK\u0130S\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131zda i\u015f\u00e7i ve i\u015fverenler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan\ni\u015f akdinin feshinin hakl\u0131 nedene dayan\u0131p dayanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususunda hukuki ihtilaf\ndo\u011furan \u2018\u2019\u0130\u015f\u00e7inin \u0130\u015fverene Otuz G\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00dccreti ile Kar\u015f\u0131lanamayacak \u015eekilde\nZarar Vermesinin \u0130\u015f Akdine Etkisi\u2019\u2019 konusuna ili\u015fkin \u0130\u015f Hukuku mevzuat\u0131m\u0131z ve\nYarg\u0131tay kararlar\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015e\u00c7\u0130-\u0130\u015eVEREN\n\u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130S\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden do\u011fan temel borcu\ni\u015f g\u00f6rme borcudur. \u0130\u015f g\u00f6rme borcu, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n \u00fccretine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 temel\nfaaliyettir. \u0130\u015f g\u00f6rme borcu sadece i\u015f\u00e7inin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil, \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken \u00f6zen\ng\u00f6stermesini de gerektirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015fyerinde yapaca\u011f\u0131 i\u015fi nas\u0131l\nyapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve i\u015fin t\u00fcm ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyle \u00f6nceden belirlemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.\n\u0130\u015fin nas\u0131l yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131; o i\u015fin niteli\u011fine, yaz\u0131l\u0131 kurallar\u0131 varsa bu yaz\u0131l\u0131\nkurallar\u0131na, yoksa o i\u015fin gelene\u011fine ve d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kurallar\u0131na g\u00f6re belirlenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kurallar\u0131 ki\u015finin d\u00fcr\u00fcst bir\ninsan olarak yapmas\u0131 gereken davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 tespit eder. \u0130\u015fin \u00f6zenle yap\u0131l\u0131p\nyap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcm bu kurallara g\u00f6re belirlenir. Ki\u015fi bu kurallara g\u00f6re hareket\nettiyse i\u015fini \u00f6zenle yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun sonucunda ortaya bir zarar \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olsa da\ni\u015f\u00e7i sorumlu tutulamayacakt\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n \u00f6zensizli\u011fi; \u00fcretilen mal\u0131n\nhatal\u0131 olmas\u0131, hizmetin d\u00fczg\u00fcn yerine getirilmemesi, i\u015fverenin verdi\u011fi ara\u00e7,\ngere\u00e7, makine ve tesisat\u0131n \u00f6zensiz kullan\u0131larak bunlara zarar verilmesi,\nyaz\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken yaz\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6zensiz yaz\u0131lmas\u0131, kay\u0131tlar\u0131n \u00f6zensiz tutulmas\u0131\ngibi \u015fekillerde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kanuna g\u00f6re \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar, i\u015fverene ait\nmakineleri, ara\u00e7 ve gere\u00e7leri, teknik sistemleri, tesisleri ve ta\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131\nusul\u00fcne uygun kullanmak ve bunlara \u00f6zen g\u00f6stermek zorundad\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n i\u015fine gerekli \u00f6zeni\ng\u00f6stermemesi, kendisine uyar\u0131 verilmesinden i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na kadar bir\u00e7ok\ndisiplin cezas\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131 sonucunu do\u011furabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yap\u0131lan\n\u00f6zensizlik sonucu bir zarar do\u011furmu\u015fsa, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fandan bu zarar\u0131n tazmini\nistenebilir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n i\u015fini \u00f6zenli yap\u0131p yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespiti \u00e7o\u011fu zaman\nayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 gerektirir. Zarar\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7iden al\u0131nabilmesi zarar\u0131n\nispatlanmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Sorumlulu\u011fun tek i\u015f\u00e7ide oldu\u011fu durumlarda zarar\u0131n tek\nbir i\u015f\u00e7inin \u00f6zensizli\u011finden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ispat\u0131 daha kolayd\u0131r. Fakat ekip\nhalinde yap\u0131lan i\u015flerde bu durum zordur. Yarg\u0131tay da verdi\u011fi kararlar\u0131nda,\ni\u015f\u00e7inin yapmas\u0131 gereken hangi i\u015fi yapmamas\u0131 nedeniyle zarar\u0131n meydana\ngeldi\u011finin, zarar\u0131n net olarak ne kadar oldu\u011funun ve o i\u015fin yap\u0131lmas\u0131ndan\nkimlerin sorumlu oldu\u011funun net olarak ortaya konulmas\u0131n\u0131 aramaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n              \u0130\u015eVEREN\u0130 ZARARA U\u011eRATMAK<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015f hayat\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7iler, yapmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc\nolduklar\u0131 i\u015fler nedeniyle bazen i\u015fverenleri zarara u\u011fratabilmektedirler. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i\ntaraf\u0131ndan verilen zarar\u0131n oran\u0131 \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck veya \u00f6nemsenmeyecek kadar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck\nolabilir. Hayat\u0131n ola\u011fan ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde meydana gelecek zararlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck\nolmas\u0131 halinde \u0130\u015f Kanunu, i\u015fverene i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini hakl\u0131 olarak feshetme imk\u00e2n\u0131\nvermi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

4857 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun \u0130\u015fverenin Hakl\u0131\nNedenle Derhal Fesih Hakk\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 25. Maddesinin II- (\u0131 ) bendinde, i\u015fverenin\nmal\u0131 olan veya mal\u0131 olmay\u0131 da eli alt\u0131nda bulunan makine, tesisat, ba\u015fka e\u015fya\nya da maddelere 30 g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00fccreti ile kar\u015f\u0131lanamayacak \u015fekilde zarar vermesi\nhalinde i\u015fverenin hakl\u0131 fesih imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu hususu d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Madde 25 II- (\u0131) : \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin\nkendi iste\u011fi veya savsamas\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden i\u015fin g\u00fcvenli\u011fini tehlikeye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmesi,\ni\u015fyerinin mal\u0131 olan veya mal\u0131 olmay\u0131p da eli alt\u0131nda bulunan makineleri,\ntesisat\u0131 veya ba\u015fka e\u015fya ve maddeleri otuz g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00fccretinin tutar\u0131yla\n\u00f6deyemeyecek derecede hasara ve kayba u\u011fratmas\u0131.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun 25. maddesinin II. F\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n\n(\u0131) bendi gere\u011fince i\u015fveren, i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini hakl\u0131 olarak feshedebilir. Fakat\nburada dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken baz\u0131 kriterler vard\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015eVERENE\nVER\u0130LEN ZARARDA D\u0130KKATE ALINACAK KR\u0130TERLER<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015fverenin zarara u\u011framas\u0131 halinde zarar\u0131n\nyol a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 hukuki ili\u015fkilerin tespitinde ve i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin feshinin\nde\u011ferlendirilmesinde baz\u0131 kriterler \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Bu kriterler:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1-\u0130\u015f\u00e7inin\nverdi\u011fi zarar\u0131n tespiti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2-\u0130\u015f\u00e7inin\nkusur oran\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

3-Ortaya\n\u00e7\u0131kan zarar\u0131n, zarar\u0131 veren i\u015f\u00e7inin 30 g\u00fcnl\u00fck br\u00fct \u00fccretini a\u015f\u0131p a\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015fte tam da bu noktada i\u015f\u00e7inin vermi\u015f\noldu\u011fu zarar\u0131n miktar\u0131 ve i\u015f\u00e7inin kusuru \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Nitekim i\u015f\u00e7inin\nkusurunun bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir zarar s\u00f6z konusu ise i\u015f\u00e7inin s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\nfeshedilemeyecektir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i kusursuz olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi feshedilmi\u015f\nise bu fesih haks\u0131z bir fesih olarak kabul edilecek, \u015fartlar\u0131 olu\u015fuyorsa\na\u00e7\u0131lacak i\u015fe iade davas\u0131 ve her halde alacak davalar\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i lehine\nsonu\u00e7lanacakt\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Peki,\nkusur oran\u0131 y\u00fczdeli olursa nas\u0131l hareket edilecektir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7inin kusurunun y\u00fczdeli olmas\u0131 durumunda\nise tespit edilen kusurun miktar\u0131 br\u00fct \u00fccrete oranlanacak ve bu \u015fekilde\ni\u015fverenin fesih hakk\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015fyerinde meydana gelen zararda, i\u015f\u00e7inin\nyapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu fiilin kas\u0131tl\u0131, ihmal\nsonucu veya taksirle yap\u0131l\u0131p yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 pek bir \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131mamaktad\u0131r<\/strong>.\n\u00d6nemli olan i\u015f\u00e7inin kusur oran\u0131n\u0131n tespiti ve ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan zarar\u0131n miktar\u0131d\u0131r.\nBu nedenle yetkili ki\u015filerce i\u015f\u00e7inin kusuru ve i\u015f\u00e7inin vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu zarar\ntespit edilmeli, i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi buna g\u00f6re feshedilmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

30 (OTUZ) G\u00dcNL\u00dcK \u00dcCRET\nNASIL HESAPLANMALIDIR?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yarg\u0131tay\n9. Hukuk Dairesi 2007\/27655 E. 2008\/24626 K. Say\u0131l\u0131 ve 24.09.2008 tarihli <\/strong>karar\u0131nda\ni\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015fverene 30 g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00fccretini a\u015facak derecede zarar vermesi halinde\ni\u015fverenin i\u015f akdini hakl\u0131 nedenle feshinin \u015fartlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kararda 4857\nsay\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun 25. maddesinin II-(\u0131) bendinde yer alan h\u00fckm\u00fcn uygulanmas\u0131na\nili\u015fkin a\u00e7\u0131klamalara yer verilmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yarg\u0131tay 9. Hukuk Dairesi karar\u0131nda,\nuyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin, i\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015fverene zarar vermesi nedeniyle ve\nhakl\u0131 olarak i\u015fverence feshedilip feshedilmedi\u011fi noktas\u0131nda topland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit\nedilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yarg\u0131tay’\u0131n karar\u0131nda belirtilen kanun\nh\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn uygulanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak ifade etti\u011fi ilk husus i\u015f\u00e7inin kusurunun\ntespitine ili\u015fkindir. Yarg\u0131tay 9. Hukuk Dairesi karar\u0131nda, ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan zararda\ni\u015f\u00e7inin kusursuz oldu\u011funun ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 halinde i\u015fverenin hakl\u0131 fesih imk\u00e2n\u0131\nolmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7inin kusurunun belli bir oran olarak saptanmas\u0131 halinde ise,\nzarar\u0131n miktar\u0131n\u0131n bu kusur nispetinde azalt\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra zarar\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7inin 30\ng\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00fccretini a\u015f\u0131p a\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespit edilebilece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. Yarg\u0131tay zarar\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7inin kas\u0131tl\u0131\ndavran\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndan veya taksirli eyleminden kaynaklanmas\u0131 aras\u0131nda bir fark\nbulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, i\u015fverene ait i\u015f makinesi paletlerine kasten metal cisim sokmak\nsuretiyle i\u015fvereni zarara u\u011fratan i\u015f\u00e7i ile trafik kazas\u0131 sonucu i\u015fvereni zarara\nu\u011fratan i\u015f\u00e7i aras\u0131nda i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin hakl\u0131 nedenle feshi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bir fark\nolmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir. Yarg\u0131tay i\u015f\u00e7inin kusuru ve meydana gelen zarar\u0131n ayr\u0131\nayr\u0131 uzman ki\u015filerce belirlenmesi gerekti\u011fine vurgu yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yarg\u0131tay karar\u0131nda, zarar ile\nkar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacak 30 g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00fccretin br\u00fct ya da net oldu\u011fu noktas\u0131nda \u0130\u015f\nKanunu\u2019nda bir a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir. Kanun metninde net \u00fccret veya\nbr\u00fct \u00fccret \u015feklinde bir ifade bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle kanunda b\u00f6yle bir\nibare bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc kanunun i\u015f\u00e7i lehine yorumlanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi\nkanaatindeyiz. Bundan dolay\u0131 somut olayda esas al\u0131nacak \u00fccret i\u015f\u00e7inin ayl\u0131k\nbr\u00fct \u00fccreti olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Meydana gelen zarar, bu br\u00fct \u00fccreti a\u015f\u0131yor ise i\u015fveren\ni\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini hakl\u0131 olarak feshedebilir ve bu durumda i\u015f\u00e7i k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131na\nhak kazanamaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu durumda meydana gelen zarar\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7inin\nkar\u015f\u0131lam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 veya kar\u015f\u0131layaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 taahh\u00fct etmesi i\u015fverenin fesih hakk\u0131n\u0131\nortadan kald\u0131rmamaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015fveren, i\u015f\u00e7inin t\u00fcm bu iyiniyetli yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131na ra\u011fmen\ni\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini hakl\u0131 nedenle feshedebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yarg\u0131tay 9. Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin karar\u0131nda \u2018\u2019Zarar\u0131n 30 g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00fccreti a\u015fmas\u0131 durumunda\ni\u015fverenin fesih hakk\u0131 do\u011far ve i\u015f\u00e7inin zarar\u0131 derhal \u00f6demi\u015f ya da \u00f6deyecek\nolmas\u0131, i\u015fverenin bu hakk\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmaz. \u0130\u015fverence zarar tutar\u0131n\u0131n\ni\u015f\u00e7iden talep edilmemi\u015f olu\u015funun da feshe hakk\u0131n\u0131 olumsuz etkileyen bir y\u00f6n\u00fc\nbulunmamaktad\u0131r.\u2019\u2019<\/em> \u015feklinde ifade edildi\u011fi \u00fczere i\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015fverenin u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131\nzarar\u0131 derhal \u00f6demi\u015f ya da \u00f6deyecek olmas\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fverenin hakl\u0131 nedenle fesih\nhakk\u0131 \u00fczerinde bir etkisi bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015e\u00c7\u0130,\n\u0130\u015eVERENE ZARAR VER\u0130RSE NE YAPILMALIDIR?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Olu\u015fan zarar sonras\u0131nda zarar\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i\ntaraf\u0131ndan verildi\u011fi tespit ediliyor ve i\u015f\u00e7i de bunu kabul ediyorsa Yarg\u0131tay Kararlar\u0131\n\u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken hususlar \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. \u00d6ncelikle\nmeydana gelen zarar tespit edilmelidir<\/strong><\/li>
  2. Olay\u0131n\nmeydana gelmesine sebebiyet veren i\u015f\u00e7inin kusur oran\u0131 belirlenmeli (i\u015f\ng\u00fcvenli\u011fi uzmanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulacak bir kurul ile)<\/strong><\/li>
  3. Zarar\nve kusur oran\u0131na g\u00f6re; zarar\u0131n, i\u015f\u00e7inin 30 g\u00fcnl\u00fck br\u00fct \u00fccretini a\u015f\u0131p a\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131\nbelirlenmelidir.<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Meydana gelen zararda, i\u015f\u00e7inin sorumlulu\u011fun\nolup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini feshedecek bir zarar\u0131n meydana gelip\ngelmedi\u011finin tespitinde yukar\u0131daki hususlar titiz bir \u015fekilde incelenmeli ve\nbuna g\u00f6re i\u015flem yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Nitekim i\u015f\u00e7i aleyhine bir durum ve i\u015fveren\naleyhine bir durum s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011fu takdirde \u0130\u015f Mahkemesi toplanacak delillere\nve belgelere g\u00f6re karar verecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    . ZARAR\n\u00dcCRETTEN KES\u0130LEB\u0130L\u0130R M\u0130?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n i\u015fverene verdi\u011fi zarar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n\n\u00fccretinden do\u011frudan kesmesi hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 olabilecektir. Do\u011frudan kesinti ancak\ni\u015fverenin dava a\u00e7\u0131p i\u015f\u00e7inin bu zarar\u0131 kasten verdi\u011fini ispatlamas\u0131 halinde\nm\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. E\u011fer kasten verilmi\u015f bir zarar yoksa ki \u00e7o\u011fu durumda zarar kasten\nverilmez ya da kasten verilmi\u015f olsa bile i\u015fveren dava a\u00e7mam\u0131\u015fsa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n\n\u00fccretinden kesinti yapabilmesi ancak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n yaz\u0131l\u0131 onay\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131na\nba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Onay verilmemesi halinde i\u015fverenin bu zarar\u0131 tahsil edemeyece\u011fi de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmemelidir.\n\u0130\u015fveren, i\u015f\u00e7i aleyhine icra takibi ba\u015flatarak u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zarar\u0131 tazmin\nettirebilir. \u0130cra ve dava masraflar\u0131 nedeniyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan verdi\u011fi zarardan daha\ny\u00fcksek para \u00f6demek zorunda kalabilir. Bu nedenle tespit hususunun titizlikle\nyap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0130\u015eVEREN\u0130N ZARARA\nU\u011eRATILMASI HAL\u0130NDE \u0130\u015e S\u00d6ZLE\u015eMES\u0130N\u0130N FESH\u0130 VE ZAMANA\u015eIMI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015fverenini zarara u\u011fratmas\u0131 ve bu\nzarar\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7inin ayl\u0131k br\u00fct \u00fccretinden fazla olmas\u0131 halinde i\u015fveren \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun\n25. maddesine dayanarak i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini hakl\u0131 nedenle feshedebilecektir. Peki,\nbu fesih hakk\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z bir hak olup i\u015fveren bu hakk\u0131n\u0131 diledi\u011fi zaman\nkullanabilecek midir? Bu noktada kanun koyucu, i\u015f\u00e7inin b\u00f6ylesine bir tehditle\ni\u015f ya\u015fant\u0131s\u0131na devam etmemesi ad\u0131na \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun 26. maddesinde fesih i\u00e7in\nbaz\u0131 s\u00fcreler \u00f6ng\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    4857 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun 26. maddesinde  \u2018\u201924 ve\n25 inci maddelerde g\u00f6sterilen ahlak ve iyi niyet kurallar\u0131na uymayan hallere\ndayanarak i\u015f\u00e7i veya i\u015fveren i\u00e7in tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olan s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi fesih yetkisi, iki\ntaraftan birinin bu \u00e7e\u015fit davran\u0131\u015flarda bulundu\u011funu di\u011fer taraf\u0131n \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi\ng\u00fcnden ba\u015flayarak alt\u0131 i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc ge\u00e7tikten ve her halde fiilin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesinden\nitibaren bir y\u0131l sonra kullan\u0131lamaz. Ancak i\u015f\u00e7inin olayda maddi \u00e7\u0131kar sa\u011flamas\u0131\nhalinde bir y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre uygulanmaz.\u2019\u2019<\/em> h\u00fckm\u00fc yer almaktad\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re bir\ny\u0131ll\u0131k hak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc s\u00fcre zarara neden olan olay\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi ile birlikte\nba\u015flayacakt\u0131r. Alt\u0131 i\u015f g\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u00fcre ise zarar miktar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenerek feshe\nyetkili makama bildirilmesiyle ba\u015flayacakt\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    ZARAR\nNEDEN\u0130YLE \u0130\u015e AKD\u0130 FESHED\u0130LEN \u0130\u015e\u00c7\u0130 KIDEM VE \u0130HBAR TAZM\u0130NATINA HAK KAZANAB\u0130L\u0130R M\u0130?<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0130\u015fveren\nzarara u\u011frar ve i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun 25\/2-\u0131 bendine g\u00f6re hakl\u0131 nedenle\nfeshederse; i\u015f\u00e7i k\u0131dem ve ihbar tazminat\u0131na hak kazanamaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Yarg\u0131tay 9. Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin \u2018\u2019Somut\nolayda davac\u0131n\u0131n 06.EB. 768 plakal\u0131 Transmikseri devirerek maddi hasara sebebiyet\nverdi\u011fi belirtildi\u011finden, arac\u0131n zarar g\u00f6rmesinde davac\u0131n\u0131n kusuru olup\nolmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususunda uzman bilirki\u015fiden rapor al\u0131nmadan, kusurlu ise kusur oram\nve olu\u015fan zarar\u0131n 30 g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00fccretinden fazla olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, teredd\u00fcde yer\nvermeyecek bi\u00e7imde tespit ettirilmeden eksik inceleme ile h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmu\u015f olmas\u0131\nhatal\u0131 olup, kusur ve zarar konular\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Davac\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7inin\nkusurlu oldu\u011fu ve buna g\u00f6re zarar tutar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7inin 30 g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00fccretini a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131\nbelirlendi\u011finde, i\u015fverence yap\u0131lan fesih 4857 s. \u0130\u015f Yasas\u0131n\u0131n 25\/2 (i) bendi\nuyar\u0131nca hakl\u0131 oldu\u011fundan, ihbar ve k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131 isteklerinin reddine karar\nverilmelidir. Aksi durumda \u015fimdiki gibi isteklerin kabul\u00fcne karar\nverilmelidir.\u2019\u2019<\/em><\/strong> \u015feklinde vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu kararda \u00f6nem arz eden husus\ni\u015f\u00e7inin, i\u015fverenin u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zararda kusurunun bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, kusurlu ise\nkusur oran\u0131 dikkate al\u0131narak olu\u015fan zarar\u0131n 30 g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00fccretinden fazla olup\nolmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n teredd\u00fcte yer vermeyecek bi\u00e7imde tespit edilmesi gerekti\u011fidir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    YERLE\u015e\u0130K\nYARGITAY KARARLARININ \u0130NCELENMES\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0130\u015fverenin zarara u\u011framas\u0131 ve \u015fartlar\u0131n\nolu\u015fmas\u0131 nedeniyle i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin feshi, bug\u00fcne kadar bir\u00e7ok kez dava konusu\nolmu\u015f, haks\u0131z yere i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia eden i\u015f\u00e7iler haklar\u0131n\u0131 aramak i\u00e7in\ni\u015f mahkemelerine ba\u015fvurmu\u015flard\u0131r. Bu zamana kadar verilen Yarg\u0131tay kararlar\u0131n\u0131\ns\u0131ralamak gerekirse;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    –Davac\u0131n\u0131n kusuru i\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi\nuzmanlar\u0131ndan te\u015fekk\u00fcl edilecek kurul marifetiyle ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    -30 g\u00fcnl\u00fck br\u00fct \u00fccretten fazla zarara\nsebebiyet verdi\u011finden fesih hakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    -Mahkemece, davac\u0131n\u0131n eyleminden do\u011fan\nzarar miktar\u0131n\u0131 ve davac\u0131n\u0131n otuz g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00fccretinin ge\u00e7ip ge\u00e7medi\u011fi belirlenerek\nsonuca gidilmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    -Zarar gerekirse mahallinde ke\u015fif yap\u0131larak\nara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Davac\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7inin kusurlu oldu\u011fu ve buna g\u00f6re zarar tutar\u0131n\u0131n\ni\u015f\u00e7inin 30 g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00fccretini a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirlendi\u011finde, i\u015fverence yap\u0131lan fesih 4857\nsay\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun 25\/2(i) bendi uyar\u0131nca hakl\u0131 oldu\u011fundan, ihbar ve k\u0131dem\ntazminat\u0131 isteklerinin reddine karar verilmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    -Zarar\u0131 ispat y\u00fck\u00fc daval\u0131dad\u0131r. Ke\u015fif\nmasraflar\u0131n\u0131n daval\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u2018<\/em>\u2019Yarg\u0131tay\n9. Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin karar\u0131na g\u00f6re, i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden kaynaklanan\nbir zarar\u0131n meydana geldi\u011fini ispat i\u015fverene, do\u011fan bu zarardan dolay\u0131 hi\u00e7bir\nkusurunun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ispat etme k\u00fclfeti ise i\u015f\u00e7iye d\u00fc\u015fer.<\/strong> (Yarg. 9. H.D.,\n27.2.2008, E. 2007\/9302, K. 2008\/2652)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u00d6zel\nhukuka dair \u00e7at\u0131 kanunumuz olan TBK\u2019 nun konu ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ilgili kanuni\nd\u00fczenlemesi olan m. 400\/1 bendine g\u00f6re, “\u0130\u015f\u00e7i,\ni\u015fverene kusuruyla verdi\u011fi her t\u00fcrl\u00fc zarardan sorumludur. Bu sorumlulu\u011fun belirlenmesinde;\ni\u015f\u00e7i i\u00e7in tehlikeli olup olmamas\u0131, uzmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve e\u011fitimi gerektirip\ngerektirmemesi ile i\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan bilinen veya bilinmesi gereken\nyetenek ve nitelikleri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutulur.\u201d Yarg\u0131tay son d\u00f6nemlerde verdi\u011fi\nkararlar\u0131nda zarara neden olan olay\u0131n meydana gelmesinde TBK m. 400’deki\nd\u00fczenlemeyi dikkate alarak somut olayda a\u011f\u0131r kusur i\u015fverene aitse bu durumda\ni\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin hakl\u0131 nedenle feshinin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck ilkesine uymad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ancak\ni\u015fyerinde olumsuzluklara yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erli neden olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul\netmektedir<\/strong>.[1]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Kanaatimizce i\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015fverene otuz g\u00fcnl\u00fck\n\u00fccreti ile kar\u015f\u0131lanamayacak \u015fekilde zarar vermesi halinde, zarar\u0131n miktar\u0131n\u0131n\nve i\u015f\u00e7inin ve i\u015fverenin zarar\u0131n meydana gelmesindeki kusur durumlar\u0131n\u0131n\nteredd\u00fcte yer kalmayacak \u015fekilde ve \u00fccreti i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6denmek suretiyle\nbilirki\u015fi marifetiyle tespit edilmesi, i\u015f akdinin feshinin hakl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n\nmahkemece belirlenmesi hususunda \u00f6nem arz etmektedir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fumuz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131zda yer alan\na\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131m\u0131zda da g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere i\u015fverenine zarar veren i\u015f\u00e7i, vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu\nbu zararla kalmamakta, ayn\u0131 zamanda i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin feshedilmesi halinde k\u0131dem\nve ihbar tazminat\u0131ndan da mahrum kalmaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle, i\u015fverene zarar\nverildi\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle feshedilen i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde i\u015f\u00e7iler, ivedilikle bir\navukata dan\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 ve s\u00fcre\u00e7 hakk\u0131nda derhal bilgi almal\u0131d\u0131rlar. Avukat ile\ng\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeksizin i\u015flem yap\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde hak kay\u0131plar\u0131 \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck olacakt\u0131r.\n\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n faydal\u0131 olmas\u0131 temennisi ile\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Av.\nEmrah YAYLA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                  Stj. Av. \u00d6zge SAAT\u00c7\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    KAYNAK\u00c7A\n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1. Ekici Mehmet, \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin\nHakl\u0131 Nedenle Feshi, \u0130stanbul Sabahattin Zaim \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler\nEnstit\u00fcs\u00fc, \u0130stanbul, 2019<\/li>
    2. Yarg\u0131tay 9. Hukuk Dairesi\n2007\/27655 E. 2008\/24626 K. Say\u0131l\u0131 ve 24.09.2008 Tarihli Karar\u0131<\/li>
    3. Yarg\u0131tay 9. Hukuk Dairesi, ,\n2007\/9302 E. , 2008\/2652 K. Say\u0131l\u0131 ve 27.2.2008 Tarihli Karar\u0131<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n
      \n\n\n\n

      [1]<\/a> Ekici Mehmet, \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin Hakl\u0131 Nedenle Feshi, \u0130stanbul\nSabahattin Zaim \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc, \u0130stanbul, 2019 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \"\"Av. Emrah YAYLA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \"\"\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Stj. Av. \u00d6zge SAAT\u00c7\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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